Why Do Some Songs Get Stuck in Our Heads?

The Science of Earworms

We've all experienced it – a song that plays on repeat in our mind, sometimes for hours or even days. This phenomenon is known as an "earworm." But why does it happen?

What is an Earworm?

An earworm, or involuntary musical imagery (INMI), is a catchy piece of music that continuously replays in a person’s mind without their conscious effort. Studies show that around 90% of people experience earworms at least once a week.

What Causes Earworms?

• Catchy Melodies: Songs with repetitive, simple, and easily singable tunes are more likely to get stuck. Examples include "Don't Stop Believin'" by Journey and "Can't Get You Out of My Head" by Kylie Minogue.
• Recent Exposure: Listening to a song repeatedly increases the likelihood of it lingering in your mind. Ever had a new hit song stuck in your head after hearing it multiple times on the radio?
• Emotional Connection: Songs linked to strong emotions or memories tend to stick. For example, a song that played during a memorable event in your life might return as an earworm.
• Gaps in Attention: When the mind is idle, it may recall familiar songs to fill the mental space, especially during activities like jogging, driving, or showering.
• Musical Structure: Studies suggest that certain musical elements, like a fast tempo and simple but unique melody, make a song more prone to becoming an earworm.

Most Common Earworm Songs

Researchers have identified some of the most common earworm songs, including:

• "Bad Romance" – Lady Gaga
• "Can't Get You Out of My Head" – Kylie Minogue
• "Somebody That I Used to Know" – Gotye
• "Bohemian Rhapsody" – Queen
• "We Will Rock You" – Queen
• "Shake It Off" – Taylor Swift
• "Uptown Funk" – Mark Ronson ft. Bruno Mars

How to Get Rid of an Earworm

There are a few ways to stop a song from playing on repeat in your mind:

• Listen to the Song Completely: Sometimes finishing the track can resolve the loop.
• Distract Yourself: Engaging in a complex activity like solving a puzzle or reading can help.
• Replace the Song: Singing or humming another tune may override the earworm. Some people find relief by listening to a song with a completely different tempo or mood.
• Chew Gum: Studies suggest chewing gum can disrupt auditory memory patterns by engaging the speech muscles, reducing the mind’s tendency to replay a song.
• Engage in a Mental Task: Activities such as writing, playing a game, or doing calculations can help shift focus away from the stuck tune.

Fun Fact: Can Earworms Be Helpful?

Surprisingly, earworms can sometimes be beneficial. Studies suggest that they may aid in memory retention, helping us recall important information through musical association. Additionally, some people find comfort in familiar tunes that bring positive emotions.

Can Everyone Get Earworms?

While most people experience earworms, some individuals are more prone to them than others. Research suggests that those who frequently listen to music, have musical training, or are prone to obsessive thoughts are more likely to get songs stuck in their heads.

Are Some People Immune to Earworms?

Some individuals rarely experience earworms. Scientists believe this could be due to differences in brain activity, cognitive styles, or exposure to music.